Rome

State

Lazio region

Country

Italy

Continent

Rome

Size

1,285 KM²

Population

4,278,000

Spending Budget

$918 - $3,671

Famous For

Colosseum
St. Peter's Basilica
Castel Sant'Angelo,
Ponte Sant'Angelo,
Trevi Fountain
Pantheon

Best Time to Visit

January
February
March
April
October
November
December

History

Traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth. The most familiar of these myths, and perhaps the most famous of all Roman myths, is the story of Romulus and Remus, the twins who were suckled by a she-wolf. They decided to build a city, but Romulus killed his brother after an argument, and the city took his name. According to the Roman annalists, this happened on 21 April 753 BC. However, this legend had to be reconciled with a dual tradition, set earlier in time, that had the Trojan refugee Aeneas escape to Italy and found the line of Romans through his son Iulus, the namesake of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. This was accomplished by the Roman poet Virgil in the first century BC. In addition, Strabo mentions an older story that the city was an Arcadian colony founded by Evander. Strabo also writes that Lucius Coelius Antipater believed that Greeks founded Rome. After the foundation by Romulus, according to a legend, Rome was ruled for a period of 244 years by a monarchical system, initially with sovereigns of Latin and Sabine origin, later by Etruscan kings. The tradition handed down seven kings: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. In 27 BC, Octavian became princeps civitatis and took the title of Augustus, founding the principate, a diarchy between the princeps and the senate. During Nero's reign, two-thirds of the city was ruined after the Great Fire of Rome, and the persecution of Christians commenced. As a result, Rome was established as a de facto empire, which reached its greatest expansion in the second century under Emperor Trajan. Rome was confirmed as caput Mundi, i.e., the capital of the known world, an expression that had already been used in the Republican period.

Present Day

Soon after World War I in late 1922 Rome witnessed the rise of Italian Fascism led by Benito Mussolini, who led a march on the city. He did away with democracy by 1926, eventually declaring a new Italian Empire and allying Italy with Nazi Germany in 1938. Mussolini demolished fairly large parts of the city centre in order to build wide avenues and squares which were supposed to celebrate the fascist regime and the resurgence and glorification of classical Rome. The interwar period saw a rapid growth in the city's population which surpassed one million inhabitants soon after 1930. During World War II, due to the art treasuries and the presence of the Vatican, Rome largely escaped the tragic destiny of other European cities. However, on 19 July 1943, the San Lorenzo district was bombed by Anglo-American forces, resulting in about 3,000 immediate deaths and 11,000 wounded of whom another 1,500 died. Mussolini was arrested on 25 July 1943. On the date of the Italian Armistice 8 September 1943, the city was occupied by the Germans. The Pope declared Rome an open city. It was liberated on 4 June 1944. Rome developed greatly after the war as part of the "Italian economic miracle" of post-war reconstruction and modernization in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this period, the years of la dolce vita ("the sweet life"), Rome became a fashionable city, with popular classic films such as Ben Hur, Quo Vadis, Roman Holiday, and La Dolce Vita filmed in the city's iconic Cinecittà Studios. The rising trend in population growth continued until the mid-1980s when the comune had more than 2.8 million residents. After this, the population declined slowly as people began to move to nearby suburbs.

Future

In November 2014, IAAC joined the International research project “ROME 20-25: New Life Cycles for the Metropolis,” which is a process where 24 architecture schools have developed project scenarios and urban proposals for the metropolitan area of Rome, with a temporal target of achieving this within 10 years. With the Rome 2025 project, IAAC investigates new futures for Rome through the Encrypted Rome Seminar and the Rome Agri-Fab city workshop. Rome in 2025 is an Agri-Fab City, a self-sufficient, creative, and interconnected metropolis, structured by a productive landscape as a new territorial framework and urban protocol. The first phase of the work was focused on the territorial scale and was developed by the “Encrypted Rome” seminar. Seven students analyzed the assigned 10 x 10 km area to propose visions and speculative models of agrarian growth. An experimental methodology that involves programming to define aprioristic parametrical models that, when applied on the territory, highlights the unexpected potentials of territorial and relational development. The open-source processing software has been used to define a script, showing coherence with a site-specific analysis: With the introduction of data coming from the territory, the software generates several data-responsive visions, applying automated organization models for a distributed system. The result is a territory fixed by the already existing or proposed nodes, interconnected by continuous meshes, structured by physical and virtual interactions. The proposal for the area individuates new connections – transversally to the radial infrastructures of the city – as landscape system and slow mobility links capable of reconnecting existing urban nodes and generate new relations on a local and metropolitan scale. In addition, the proposed strategy defines a network of collective and public space giving new meaning to the existing nodes dispersed on the territory – farmhouses, historical buildings, sports facilities, and manufacturing areas.

Must Visit Places ------------

TREVI FOUNTAIN

● This fountain is also called Fontana di Trevi. ● It’s situated in the Quirinale district of Rome. ● The fountain was established in the 4th century. ● The water supply for this Roman dates back to early Rome History. ● The Aqua Virgo Aqueduct construction provides the Aqua Virgo or Virgin Waters, making sense of the young woman who led water for the soldiers during the war. ● This fountain is not common as others. ● It’s located in the TREVI district of Rome, designed by famous architect Nicola Salvi and completed by Giuseppe Pannini. ● The special feature of this fountain is its backdrop. ● Its backdrop is a Palazzo Poli, a giant order of Corinthian pilasters that link two stories. ● Taming of waters is the theme of the backdrop. ● The look of the fountain in front of the backdrop is awesome. The Trevi Fountain (Italian: Fontana di Trevi) is a fountain in the Trevi district in Rome, Italy, designed by Italian architect Nicola Salvi and completed by Giuseppe Pannini and several others. Standing 26.3 meters (86 ft) high and 49.15 meters (161.3 ft) wide, it is the largest Baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world. The fountain has appeared in several notable films, including Roman Holiday (1953), the eponymous Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960), and The Lizzie McGuire Movie (2003)

PIAZZA NAVONA

● It’s one of the stadiums built in 1st Century AD. ● It’s an open public space in Rome. The architecture type of the building is Baroque square. Once, it was a stadium owned by Circus Domitianus established in 85AD, mainly to host the Agonal games. ● The stadium is built to conduct games for bravery. It is considered one of the beautiful squares in the world. ● Braque Roman type of architecture was followed in the Piazza Navona stadium. ● It has four fountains of unique designs. ● One is Fountain of Neptune, and the other is Giacomo Della porta with an Egyptian Obelisk. In the South West End of the square, there is a speaking statue called Pasquino. After Saint Peter’s square of Rome, Piazza Navone is the second favorite square for Romans. ● Like these, many historical monuments and architectures were kept inside the Piazza Navona. Defined as a public space in the last years of the 15th century, when the city market was transferred there from the Campidoglio, Piazza Navona was transformed into a highly significant Baroque Roman architecture and art example during the pontificate of Innocent X, who reigned from 1644 until 1655. Whose family palace, the Palazzo Pamphili, faced the piazza. It features important sculptural creations: in the center stands the famous Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi or Fountain of the Four Rivers (1651) by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, topped by the Obelisk of Domitian, brought in pieces from the Circus of Maxentius; the church of Sant'Agnese in Agone by Francesco Borromini, Girolamo Rainaldi, Carlo Rainaldi and others; and the aforementioned Pamphili palace, also by Girolamo Rainaldi, that accommodates the long gallery designed by Borromini and frescoes by Pietro da Cortona.

COLOSSEUM

● Colosseum is very famous in Rome. Colosseum was built between 72AD and 80AD; Emperor Vespasian built the Colosseum in the heart of Rome. An average of 4 million people visits this stadium per annum. ● The architecture type of this stadium is Amphitheatre. It is also known as Flavian Amphitheatre. It is the world's largest amphitheater. The Famous Romanian Emperor Vespasian built the stadium that the king exploited the construction works from tens of thousands of Jewish Slaves. ● The oval shape stadium is located in the center of Rome city. ● The stadium had underground passages and rooms to hold the wild animals for gladiator events. Mainly constructed for outdoor activity games. The stadium has the sunshade type called Velarium, which protects the spectators from the sunshine. ● The stadium holds 50,000 spectators at a time. ● As mentioned before, the stadium is also used for Gladiatorial contests and other brutal games, animal hunts. ● It was demolished by earthquake and stone robbers. The Colosseum is built of travertine limestone, tuff (volcanic rock), and brick-faced concrete. The Colosseum could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators at various points in its history, having an average audience of some 65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles, including animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Roman mythology, and briefly mock sea battles. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine

ROMAN FORUM

● It’s a source for visual artists in that centuries. There are some places inside the forum, famed—the Romanum located in the tiny valley between Palatine and Capitoline Hills. The Crematorium of Julius Caesar is also at Roman Forum. Some calamities destroyed some places, and the war of vengeance destroys some places. ● The temple of Saturn, Fora, and so on. ● Every sculpture and architecture has its own myth or real story. ● Roman Forum and its gallery narrate the bravery of Romanians. The baby causes for Rome arisen is by Emperor Romulus after he killed his twin brother Remus for the throne. Visitors are excited to know the real facts about Roman Empire. There are lots of hidden stores behind the statues and architecture of the Roman Forum. But only we can do, let’s visualize and wow about the sculptures. The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Italian: Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum Magnum, or simply the Forum. For centuries the Forum was the center of day-to-day life in Rome: the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches; and the nucleus of commercial affairs. Here statues and monuments commemorated the city's great men. The teeming heart of ancient Rome, it has leveled the most celebrated meeting place in the world and all history

SISTINE CHAPEL

● It’s a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, which is the official residence of the Pope of the Vatican. The chapel owns many arts by fame artists. The Botticelli art by Michelangelo is well-known art that appeals to the story of Jesus Christ and Moses. Unfortunately, the ceiling frescoes of the Chapel done by Michelangelo took four years to complete. That’s why that portion of the Chapel is still a miserable art. ● This chapel is affiliated with Roman Catholics in the Diocese district of Rome. ● It was designed by Baccio Pontelli, Giovanni de Dolci. ● It’s a high rectangular building mainly for worship. ● People are not only come for visiting also for prayer. ● These kinds of ancient buildings tell the architectural talents of Romanians. During the reign of Sixtus IV, a team of Renaissance painters included Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio, and Cosimo Rosselli, created a series of frescos depicting the Life of Moses and the Life of Christ, offset by papal portraits above and trompe-l'œil drapery below. These paintings were completed in 1482, and on 15 August 1483, Sixtus IV celebrated the first mass in the Sistine Chapel for the Feast of the Assumption. At that ceremony, the chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Virgin Mary.