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Liaoning

Liaoning

Country

China

Continent

Asia

Best Cities to Visit

  • Dalian
  • Shenyang
  • Dandong
  • Suizhong
  • Anshan

Size

145,900 KM2

Population

42,591,407

Spending Budget

$249 - $1,155

Famous For

  • UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Best Time to Visit

  • January
  • May
  • June
  • July
  • August
  • September

History

Before the 3rd century BC, Donghu, Gojoseon, and Yemaek peoples inhabited Liaoning. The state of Yan conquered the area around 300 BC. Two commanderies, Liaodong ("east of the Liao River") and Liaoxi ("west of the Liao River"), were established within the Liaoning region. The Yan city of Xiangping, the center of Liaodong, was located on the site of the present Liaoyang city. After the fall of the Han dynasty, warlord Gongsun Du and his family established and maintained a semi-independent state based in Liaodong until Cao Wei defeated it in 238. The state, also known as Yan, conducted numerous maritime diplomatic and trade expeditions and had a lasting influence on Northeast Asian culture despite being short-lived. From 4th to 5th century AD, Liaoning was ruled by Xianbei dynasties of the Murong tribe – Former Yan, Later Yan, and Northern Yan. In 436, as Northern Wei seized the Yan capital, Liaodong Peninsula was taken over by Goguryeo. Tang dynasty annexed the region during the Goguryeo–Tang War. However, when the An Lushan Rebellion drained Tang's resources away from its frontiers, Balhae gradually expanded into Liaodong. Eventually, Liaoning was conquered by the Khitan Liao dynasty, followed by the Jurchen Jin dynasty and the Mongol Empire. The Ming Empire took control of Liaoning in 1371, just three years after the expulsion of the Mongols from Beijing. Around 1442, a defense wall was constructed to defend the province's agricultural heartland from a potential threat from the Jurchen-Mongol Oriyanghan (who were Ming's tributaries) from the northwest. Between 1467 and 1468, the wall was expanded to protect the region from the northeast and against attacks from Jianzhou Jurchens (who were later to become known as the Manchu people). Although similar in purpose to the Great Wall of China, this "Liaodong Wall" was of a lower-cost design. While stones and tiles were used in some parts, most of the wall was simply an earth dike with moats on both sides.

Present Day

Liaoning is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea and is the northernmost coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Historically a gateway between China proper and Manchuria, the modern Liaoning province was established in 1907 as Fengtian or Fengtien province and was renamed Liaoning in 1929. It was also known as Mukden Province for the Manchu name of Shengjing, the former name of Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored briefly in 1945 and then again in 1954. Liaoning is also known in Chinese as "the Golden Triangle” from its shape and strategic location, with the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay and the Bohai Sea) in the south, North Korea's North Pyongan and Chagang provinces in the southeast, Jilin to the northeast, Hebei to the southwest, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the province's border with North Korea, emptying into the Korea Bay between Dandong in Liaoning and Sinuiju in North Korea.

Future

Cities are beginning to recognize the huge potential value of investing in smart technologies. Economies of scale, pressures on infrastructure and services, and a willingness to innovate mean cities are the perfect places to take advantage of smart technologies. Whilst many smart city definitions exist, they all share common characteristics. At their core, smart cities integrate physical, digital, and human systems to deliver sustainable, prosperous, and inclusive outcomes for their citizens. This is also central to China’s thinking around development, which seeks to improve quality of life through more evenly distributed economic growth, innovation, and urban development. Globally the smart cities market will be more than two trillion USD by 2025, and half of Asia’s smart cities will be in China, generating USD 320 billion for the China economy, Artificial Intelligence, personalized healthcare, robotics, advanced driver systems, and distributed energy generation are anticipated to be the cornerstone1. Scaling up and connecting smart infrastructures is essential to success. Failing to deliver at scale will lead to disparity in economic growth and opportunity. It will also ultimately fail to relieve pressure on resources. Smart technology will benefit citizens and businesses within China’s cities and create opportunities for knowledge and technology transfer globally, as many other nations transition to sustainable practices. City governments that create the conditions for connecting their data will gain a competitive advantage over other urban areas. The next wave of innovation in cities will shift from digital silos (focused on specific sectors such as energy or transport) to digital integration (where these different sectors are connected).
Must Visit Places ------------

Mukden Palace

The Mukden Palace or Shenyang Imperial Palace (simplified Chinese: 沈阳故宫; traditional Chinese: 瀋陽故宮; pinyin: Shěnyáng Gùgōng), was the former imperial palace of the early Manchu-led Qing dynasty. It was built in 1625, and the first three Qing emperors lived there from 1625 to 1644. Since the collapse of imperial rule in China, the palace has been converted to a museum that now lies in the center of Shenyang, Liaoning. Early construction began in 1625 by Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. By 1631, additional structures were added during the reign of Nurhaci's successor, Hong Taiji. The Mukden Palace was built to resemble the Forbidden City in Beijing. However, the palace also exhibits hints of Manchu and Tibetan styles. After the Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty in 1644 in Beijing, the Mukden Palace lost its status as the official residence of the Qing emperor. Instead, the Mukden Palace became a regional palace. In 1780, the Qianlong Emperor further expanded the palace. Successive Qing emperors usually stayed at Mukden Palace for some time each year. In 1955, the Mukden Palace was converted into the Shenyang Imperial Palace Museum. In 2004, it was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as an extension of the Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, or Forbidden City, in Beijing.

Red Beach (Panjin)

Red Beach located in Dawa County, Panjin, Liaoning, China, is famous for its landscape featuring the red plant of Suaeda salsa (Chinese: 碱蓬草) of the family Chenopodiaceae. It is based in the biggest wetland and reed marsh in the world. The landscape is composed of shallow seas and tide-lands. The Sueda is one of the few species of plant that can live in highly alkaline soil. Its growth cycle starts in April when it is colored light red, while the color of the mature species is deep red. Panjin Shuangtaizi River mouth state-level nature protection area (盘锦双台子河口自然保护区) preserves the most completed ecosystem and the biggest wetland in the world. More than 260 kinds of birds and 399 kinds of wild animals live in it. It was promoted to the state-level nature protection area in 1988 and has applied to join the International person and biosphere protectorate network. The largest reed marsh in Asia is also located here, attracting many tourists. The reeds are used to make paper. The red-crowned crane also reproduces here and it is also the endangered black-mouth gull's largest breeding area.

Hushan Great Wall

The Hushan or Tiger Mountain Great Wall is a section of the Ming Great Wall in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning, China. The wall runs for about 1,200 metres over Hushan ("Tiger Mountain"). The wall starts 15 km northeast of Dandong city, directly beside the China–North Korea border. It then climbs steeply up to a height of 146.3 metres before descending on the other side of Hushan and finishing at a car park. Numerous Ming dynasty records and poems mentioned a "border wall" (边墙) that reached the banks of Yalu River, forming a part of Ming's defense system on the northern frontier. The date of its construction was documented by the Ming Shilu as the 15th year of Chenghua era (AD 1479). Archives of Andong (Dandong) county put the wall's location to the north of the Ai River (叆河), in the Hushan area. A series of surveys in late 1980s and early 1990s led by architectural historian Luo Zhewen identified the ruins at Hushan as the site of the eastern terminus of this Great Wall section.[ An 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) long section was restored in 1992. Ruins of older fortresses have been identified at Hushan, dating back to Han dynasty and Goguryeo eras. Similar sites have also been discovered elsewhere in Liaoning, as well as in North Pyongan and Chagang provinces, North Korea. The site of a historical city known as Posuo (婆娑) or Bakjak (泊汋, 박작) lies in close proximity at present-day Jiuliancheng, to the south of Hushan